Which of the following respiratory patterns is associated with deep, rapid breathing?

Kussmaul respiration is characterized by deep, rapid breathing and is often observed in patients experiencing metabolic acidosis, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. The body attempts to compensate for the acidosis by exhaling carbon dioxide, which leads to increased respiratory rate and depth. This pattern of breathing helps to correct the pH imbalance in the blood by reducing acidity.

In contrast, Biot respiration is characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by periods of apnea. Apneustic respiration involves prolonged inspiration and short, inadequate expiration. Atonal gasps are irregular, gasping breaths that occur in critical conditions, not characterized by rapid breathing. Therefore, Kussmaul respiration is the correct choice when identifying the respiratory pattern that is associated with deep and rapid breathing.