What muscles are primarily involved in the process of inhalation?

The process of inhalation primarily involves the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located beneath the lungs that contracts and flattens during inhalation, creating a vacuum that allows air to flow into the lungs. The intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs, also play a crucial role by lifting the ribcage and expanding the thoracic cavity, further aiding in the intake of air. This coordinated action of both muscle groups facilitates effective breathing, making option B the correct choice.

Other muscle groups mentioned are important for different movements or functions. The rectus abdominis and obliques are primarily involved in forced exhalation and core stabilization, not in inhalation. The pectorals and trapezius have roles in movements of the shoulder and upper limbs rather than directly affecting inhalation. Similarly, while the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior contribute to upper body movements, they are not primary muscles in the inhalation process. Thus, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are specifically adapted for the mechanics of breathing.