What is the purpose of preoxygenation prior to intubation?

The purpose of preoxygenation prior to intubation is to increase the oxygen reserve in the lungs and extend the safe apnea time. This technique involves administering supplemental oxygen to the patient before the actual intubation procedure. By doing so, the oxygen levels in the lungs are elevated, which allows the patient to maintain adequate oxygen saturation for a longer period during the time they may be unable to breathe, especially during the intubation process.

This is particularly crucial in patients who may already have compromised respiratory function or when there is a risk of hypoxia during intubation. Enhanced oxygen reserves provide a buffer against desaturation, especially important if intubation takes longer than anticipated or if immediate ventilation is not possible.