What is the primary purpose of the buffer system in the body?

The primary purpose of the buffer system in the body centers on maintaining pH balance by neutralizing acids or bases. This system is crucial because the human body functions optimally within a narrow pH range, particularly in the blood where normal pH is around 7.35 to 7.45. Buffers help stabilize this pH by absorbing excess hydrogen ions (which can make the environment more acidic) or releasing hydrogen ions (to counteract alkalinity). This regulation is essential for various biochemical processes, enzyme activities, and overall metabolic functions that can be adversely affected by significant deviations in pH levels.

While transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and facilitating oxygen transport are all vital body functions, they do not capture the specific role of the buffer system, which is primarily focused on pH homeostasis.