How does magnesium sulfate help in respiratory emergencies, and what is its dose?

Magnesium sulfate plays an important role in respiratory emergencies primarily due to its ability to relax smooth muscles, including those in the bronchial tubes. This attribute helps alleviate bronchospasm, promoting better airflow and improving respiratory function in conditions like asthma or hyperreactive airway disease.

The correct dosage of magnesium sulfate for this purpose is typically 2 grams (2G) dissolved in 50 mL of a suitable intravenous solution. Administering it in this manner allows for effective management of severe bronchospasm and can be particularly beneficial during acute exacerbations of asthma or in severe respiratory distress.

The smooth muscle relaxation mechanism works by antagonizing calcium uptake in the smooth muscle cells, which contributes to bronchodilation and decreased airway resistance. This is critical in respiratory emergencies where airway obstruction can lead to significant health risks.