How does exercise generally affect respiratory function?

Exercise increases respiratory rate and depth due to the body's heightened demand for oxygen and the need to expel carbon dioxide more efficiently. When engaging in physical activity, the muscles require more oxygen to sustain their increased activity levels, which leads to an increase in respiratory function to meet this demand.

During exercise, the respiratory system responds by not only increasing the rate of breathing but also enhancing the depth of each breath, known as tidal volume. This allows for a greater volume of air to enter the lungs with each breath, facilitating more effective gas exchange in the alveoli. As a result, oxygen uptake is improved, and carbon dioxide removal is maximized, supporting overall physical performance and endurance.

Furthermore, this adaptation benefits cardiovascular efficiency, as a more robust respiratory function ensures that oxygen can be delivered to the bloodstream effectively. In contrast, the other options suggest negative impacts on respiratory function, which are not typical responses to exercise but rather could result from certain pathological conditions or sedentary behavior.